Martens, Friedrich, 1845-1909 (diplomat and jurist in service of the Russian Empire)
Dates
- Existence: 1845 - 1909
Biography
Friedrich Martens, or Friedrich Fromhold von Martens, also known as Fyodor Fyodorovich Martens in Russian, was born in 1845 in the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire. After the death of his parents at age nine, Martens was educated in a Lutheran orphanage in St. Petersburg and studied law at the University of St. Petersburg. In 1868, he served at the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1871, he became a lecturer in international law at the University of St. Petersburg. In 1874, he was elected special legal assistant to Prince Gorchakov, Imperial Chancellor.
Martens wrote many books concerned with international law and diplomacy, the most famous being his 'International Law of Civilised Nations' which appeared in German in 1884-85. He was also chosen to sit as judge or arbitrator for some international conflicts, including the Pious Fund Affair between Mexico and the US, and the dispute between Britain and France over Newfoundland in 1891. He was the principal arbitrator for the boundary dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana which followed the Venezuela Crisis of 1895.
Martens received honorary degrees from the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, and Yale. He was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize in 1902.
Found in 9 Collections and/or Records:
2 newspaper clippings from the 'Scotsman', taken from an article entitled "Russia, Great Britain, and Turkey", written by Friedrich Martens and given to the newspaper by James Lorimer, 24 April 1877
2 newspaper clippings in English from 'The Scotsman', taken from an article entitled 'Russia, Great Britain, and Turkey', written by Friedrich Marten and given to the newspaper by James Lorimer, on the subject of international relations, dated 24 April 1877.
Letter from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer, 22 September 1882
Letter in English from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer on the subject of matters in Egypt, dated 22 September 1882.
Letter from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer, 26 December 1888
Letter in English from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer on the subject of the new 'Juridical Review' publication and a future visit to Lorimer's home, dated 26 December 1888.
Letter from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer, 21 April 1885
Letter in English from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer on the subject of conflict between England and Russia in Central Asia, dated 21 April 1885.
Letter from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer, 1 July 1886
Letter in English from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer on the subject of Martens's international law writings and the death of his daughter, dated 1 July 1886.
Letter from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer, 1 January 1878
Letter in English from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer on the subject of political matters and international relations, dated 1 January 1878.
Letter from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer, 14 April 1877
Letter in English from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer on the subject of political matters in Russia, dated 14 April 1877.
Letter from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer, containing two newspaper clippings, 10 September 1878
Letter in English from Friedrich Martens to James Lorimer on the subject of matters in Russia, dated 10 September 1878; containing two newspaper clippings in French concerning the trial of English lawyer Mr Fawcett for assaulting Jélezka Ivanof, undated.
Letter from Friedrich Martens to unknown, possibly James Lorimer, 17 August 1877
Letter in English from Friedrich Martens to unknown, possibly James Lorimer, on the subject of Russian diplomatic affairs, dated 17 August 1877.