Anderson, James, 1758-1833 (Persian Interpretor, East India Company)
Dates
- Existence: 1758 - 1833
Biography
James Anderson (1757-1833) was a soldier and Persian interpreter for the East India Company. He and his brother, David Anderson (1750-1828), were close associates of Warren Hastings (1732-1818), the first British Governor-General of Bengal, Hasting’s inner circle being known for their interest in South Asian and Muslim culture and heritage. Born in Edinburgh, he studied at the University of Edinburgh matriculating in 1768 and graduating in 1774, taking courses in Greek, Rational, Moral, and Natural Philosophy, Rhetoric and Belles Letters. He also studied with James Robertson (Chair of Hebrew 1751-1792), participating in Robertson’s "Hebrew Language" classes that included the tuition of Arabic and Persian. In 1775 Anderson joined the East India Company Army, being promoted to Lieutenant in 1778. He acted as translator for an important peace treaty between the Marāthās and the EIC, negotiated between David Anderson and Madho Rao Pundit Purdhan at Scindia in 1782.
James Anderson worked together with Charles Hamilton (c.1752-92) on the translation of the Hedāyah, an important work of Hanafī jurisprudence by Burhān al-Dīn Marghīnānī (1135-1197 C.E.) that became central to the legal system operated by the British in South Asia. East India Company records show that by 1789 Anderson was on furlough in Europe, and that by 1791 he had been “Struck Off”. He later purchased Wilton Lodge near Hawick. In November of 1844 Adam Anderson, James’ nephew donated his late uncle’s manuscripts to the University Library. This included 57 items, the vast majority in Persian (several in Arabic). Poetry and historiography feature prominently among these works with medicine, Islamic Law, the Persian epics, and other topics also treated.
Found in 6 Collections and/or Records:
بهجته العالم Bahjat al-‘ālam, undated (original text compiled 18th cent. C.E.)
A copy of a work on general geography by Ḥakīm Mahārat-Khān Iṣfahānī, who completed it some time after 1124 A.H. (1712 C.E). The work is principally based upon the geographical and biographical encyclopaedia Haft-Iqlīm by Amīn Aḥmad Rāzī (compiled 16th cent. C.E.).
Frontispieces illuminated with gold.
تاريخ فيروزشاهی Tārīkh-i Fīrūzshāhī, 1074 A.H., 1663 C.E.
A history of the life and reign of Fīrūz-Shāh., Sulṭān of Dehlī (r. 752-790 A.H., 1351-1388 C.E.).
تکملهٔ يافعی Takmilah-yi Yāfi‘ī, undated (original text compiled 14th cent. C.E.)
A Persian translation of the original Arabic titled Khulāṣat al-Mafākhir fī Manāqib al-Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qādir by Shaykh ‘Abd-Allāh Yāfi‘ī (d. 768 A.H., 1366 C.E.). It contains two hundred and sixteen stories which are primarily about the celebrated Sufi saint and eponymous founder of the Qādirī Ṭarīqah, Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (d. 561 A.H., 1166 C.E.).
Frontispiece illuminated with gold.
توزک جهانگيری Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī, undated (original text compiled 16th-17th cent. C.E.)
The memoirs of the Mughal Emperor Nūr-al-Dīn Muḥammad Jahāngīr (d.1037 A.H.,1627 C.E.), considered to be spurious, and containing an account of the transactions of the first thirteen years of his reign (1014-1027 A.H., 1605-1617 C.E.).
عالمگيرنامه Ālamgīr-nāmah‘, 1193 A.H., 1779 C.E.
A copy of a detailed history of the first ten years (1067-1078 A.H., 1656-1668 C.E.) of the reign of Abū-al Z̤afar Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad Aurangzīb, the Mughal Emperor ‘Ālamgīr, who died at the age of ninety, 1118 A.H., 1707 C.E.
Copied for the donor, James Anderson.
مآثر عالمگيری Maʼās̱ir-i ‘Ālamgīrī, 1145 A.H., 1732 C.E.
A history of the complete reign of Mughal Emperor ‘Ālamgīr (r. 1067-1078 A.H., 1656-1668 C.E.). It was compiled in 1122 A.H., 1710 C.E., by Muḥammad Sāqī Musta‘idd-Khān (d. 1136 A.H., 1723 C.E.) who was secretary to ‘Ināyat-Allāh Khān.
Illuminated Frontispiece.