Geikie, Archibald, Sir, 28 December 1835 – 10 November 1924 (Professor of Geology, University of Edinburgh)
Biographical History
Sir Archibald Geikie was born at Edinburgh in 1835, the son of John Stuart Geikie, businessman, and composer, and Isabella Thom. He married Alice Gabrielle Pignatel in 1871. His education was at Black's school, then Edinburgh High School and he showed a great aptitude for study and his interest in science was furthered in the direction of geology when he and his friends discovered fossils at Burdiehouse quarries. Geikie was influenced by scientists such as naturalist John Fleming, to whom he was introduced by his father, and by the many books on geolgy which he consumed, most notably Hugh Miller's Old Red Sandstone.
Geikie's professional life began initially in banking, which he did not enjoy and 1851 saw his a newspaper publication of his Three Weeks in Arran by a Young Geologist, which led to an introduction to Hugh Miller. He also became acquainted with publisher Alexander Macmillan, geologist James David Forbes and Andrew Crombie Ramsay. The banking career abandoned, he matriculated at the University of Edinburgh in 1854 but had to leave the following year for financial reasons. A recommendation by both Miller and Ramsay to Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, newly appointed head of the Geological Survey, secured Geikie a position there as mapping assistant. The following years saw him make the acquaintance of distinguished scientists such as Leonard Horner and Sir Charles Lyell.
His official work was supplemented by research during his holiday time, travelling throughout the British Isles and Europe. 1867 saw him appointed director of the newly created branch, the Scottish Geological Survey. When Murchison founded the chair of geology in 1870 at the University of Edinburgh, Geikie was his choice as professor and he was appointed the following year.
Geikie's field and research work took him all over the British Isles and to many parts of Europe. He successfully combined his duties to both posts as well as devoting time to private research and writing. As well as his scientific writings, Geikie wrote several well-known biographical and historical books including Memoirs of Sir Roderick Impey Murchison (1875), Andrew Crombie Ramsay (1895), Edward Forbes (1861), and Founders of Geology (1897). 1924 saw the publication of his own autobiography.
He went on to succeed Sir Andrew Crombie Ramsay as head of the Geological Survey of Great Britain in 1881, which he held until his retiral in 1901. This saw him relocate to London and take a more active role in many scientific societies. Those relating to the Royal Society, he took particular interest in after his retiral, serving as secretary and president.
Noteable Publications
Chronology:
- 1865
- Scenery of Scotland
- Account of the Progress of the Geological Survey in Scotland
- 1873
- Physical Geography
- Colliers of Carrick
- 1875
- Life of Sir Roderick I Murchison, Bart.
- 1877
- Outlines of Field Geology
- Elementary Lessons in Field Geology
- 1882
- Text-book of Geology
- Geological Sketches at Home and Abroad
- 1886
- Classbook of Geology; Illustrated with Woodcuts
- Geology
- 1895
- Memoir of Sir Andrew Crombie Ramsay
- 1897
- Founders of Geology
- Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain
- 1906
- History of the Geography of Scotland; with Maps and Illustrations
- 1907
- French Impression of Scotland and the Scots in the Year 1784
- 1909
- Charles Darwin as Geologist
- 1916
- Birds of Shakespeare
- 1917
- Annals of the Royal Society Club: the Record of a London Dining-Club in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Honours, Qualifications and Appointments
Chronology:
- 1861
- Elected Fellow, Royal Society of Edinburgh
- 1865
- Elected Fellow, Royal Society of London
- 1867
- Appointed Director, Scottish Geological Survey
- 1870
- Appointed First Professor of Geology, the University of Edinburgh
- 1881
- Appointed Head, Geological Survey
- Awarded Murchison Medal
- 1890
- Appointed President, Geological Society
- Knighthood
- 1895
- Awarded Woolaston Meda
- 1896
- Awarded Royal Medal, Royal Society of London
- 1907
- Appointed Knight Commander, Order of the Bath
- 1910
- Appointed President, the Classical Association
Sources
Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Volume II , ( New York, Scribner's, 1981)
Found in 17 Collections and/or Records:
Correspondence from Joseph Beete Jukes and family, 1864-1871
The Correspondence from Joseph Beete Jukes and family series consists of:
- 18 letters, chronologically arranged (1864-1871)
Correspondence: John Phillips to Frederick William Rudler, 1845-1901
The Correspondence: John Phillips to Frederick William Rudler sub-series consists of:
- 40 letters, alphabetically arranged (1845-1901)
Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art Syllabus of Lectures, 1867-1868
Syllabus for a series of lectures given by 5 scientists at the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art during 1867-1868. They were: Sir Lyon Playfair (Chemistry), George James Allman (Natural History), Sir Archibald Geikie (Geology), Edward Sang (Natural Philosophy), and John Hutton Balfour (Botany).
Geological Survey notebook 'Q Q', 1893-1894
Drawings and notes on the geology of parts of Scotland (including Edinburgh, Arran, Mull and Islay) of parts of England and also of Pomeroy, Ireland. References are made to Plymouth limestone, Skye granite, toadstones in Derbyshire and papers on raised beaches at Loch Carron.
Image from this item:
Geological Survey notebook 'T', 1877
Drawings and notes on the geology of various parts of Scotland, including Stonehaven, Pentland, Nairn and the Braid Hills. Geological features include curved silurian and old red sandstone.
Geological Survey of Scotland: Sheet 32, 1892
Colour-coded geological map of Edinburgh and part of Midlothian, from a survey of or prior to 1859 by Sir Archibald Geikie and Henry Hyatt Howell as part of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from A Bachellery, 22 July 1898
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from A Bachellery thanking Geikie for letters of introduction to a number of geologists. He reports that these introductions had led to successful geological tours while he was visiting Great Britain.
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from Alexander MacMillan, 30 July 1860
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from Alexander MacMillan asking him to send a copy of his ['Memoirs of Edward Forbes'], to date, to the printer Thomas Constable to enable them to make an estimate. He reports that he is leaving for Arran that Wednesday and will make a trip to Edinburgh if required.
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from Edward William Binney, 14 April 1879
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from Edward William Binney telling Geikie that the forthcoming geological map and cross section of the Edinburgh and Linlithgow coal field will be a useful addition to the geological literature.
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from George James Allman, 17 November 1860
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from George James Allman telling him that his paper on the Trap Rocks of Scotland will be accepted for the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh once he has undertaken the additions which he indicated he intends to make.