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Geikie, Archibald, Sir, 28 December 1835 – 10 November 1924 (Professor of Geology, University of Edinburgh)

 Person

Biographical History

Sir Archibald Geikie was born at Edinburgh in 1835, the son of John Stuart Geikie, businessman, and composer, and Isabella Thom. He married Alice Gabrielle Pignatel in 1871. His education was at Black's school, then Edinburgh High School and he showed a great aptitude for study and his interest in science was furthered in the direction of geology when he and his friends discovered fossils at Burdiehouse quarries. Geikie was influenced by scientists such as naturalist John Fleming, to whom he was introduced by his father, and by the many books on geolgy which he consumed, most notably Hugh Miller's Old Red Sandstone.

Geikie's professional life began initially in banking, which he did not enjoy and 1851 saw his a newspaper publication of his Three Weeks in Arran by a Young Geologist, which led to an introduction to Hugh Miller. He also became acquainted with publisher Alexander Macmillan, geologist James David Forbes and Andrew Crombie Ramsay. The banking career abandoned, he matriculated at the University of Edinburgh in 1854 but had to leave the following year for financial reasons. A recommendation by both Miller and Ramsay to Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, newly appointed head of the Geological Survey, secured Geikie a position there as mapping assistant. The following years saw him make the acquaintance of distinguished scientists such as Leonard Horner and Sir Charles Lyell.

His official work was supplemented by research during his holiday time, travelling throughout the British Isles and Europe. 1867 saw him appointed director of the newly created branch, the Scottish Geological Survey. When Murchison founded the chair of geology in 1870 at the University of Edinburgh, Geikie was his choice as professor and he was appointed the following year.

Geikie's field and research work took him all over the British Isles and to many parts of Europe. He successfully combined his duties to both posts as well as devoting time to private research and writing. As well as his scientific writings, Geikie wrote several well-known biographical and historical books including Memoirs of Sir Roderick Impey Murchison (1875), Andrew Crombie Ramsay (1895), Edward Forbes (1861), and Founders of Geology (1897). 1924 saw the publication of his own autobiography.

He went on to succeed Sir Andrew Crombie Ramsay as head of the Geological Survey of Great Britain in 1881, which he held until his retiral in 1901. This saw him relocate to London and take a more active role in many scientific societies. Those relating to the Royal Society, he took particular interest in after his retiral, serving as secretary and president.

Noteable Publications

Chronology:
1865
Scenery of Scotland
Account of the Progress of the Geological Survey in Scotland
1873
Physical Geography
Colliers of Carrick
1875
Life of Sir Roderick I Murchison, Bart.
1877
Outlines of Field Geology
Elementary Lessons in Field Geology
1882
Text-book of Geology
Geological Sketches at Home and Abroad
1886
Classbook of Geology; Illustrated with Woodcuts
Geology
1895
Memoir of Sir Andrew Crombie Ramsay
1897
Founders of Geology
Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain
1906
History of the Geography of Scotland; with Maps and Illustrations
1907
French Impression of Scotland and the Scots in the Year 1784
1909
Charles Darwin as Geologist
1916
Birds of Shakespeare
1917
Annals of the Royal Society Club: the Record of a London Dining-Club in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Honours, Qualifications and Appointments

Chronology:
1861
Elected Fellow, Royal Society of Edinburgh
1865
Elected Fellow, Royal Society of London
1867
Appointed Director, Scottish Geological Survey
1870
Appointed First Professor of Geology, the University of Edinburgh
1881
Appointed Head, Geological Survey
Awarded Murchison Medal
1890
Appointed President, Geological Society
Knighthood
1895
Awarded Woolaston Meda
1896
Awarded Royal Medal, Royal Society of London
1907
Appointed Knight Commander, Order of the Bath
1910
Appointed President, the Classical Association

Sources

Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Volume II , ( New York, Scribner's, 1981)

Found in 21 Collections and/or Records:

Correspondence: Albert Auguste De Lapparent to Charles Lapworth, 1873-1911

 Sub-Series
Identifier: Coll-74/12/11
Scope and Contents

The Correspondence: Albert Auguste de Lapparent to Charles Lapworth sub-series consists of:


  1. 38 letters, alphabetically arranged (1873-1911)
Dates: 1873-1911

Correspondence from Thomas Henry Huxley, 1860-1888

 Sub-Series
Identifier: Coll-74/12/6
Scope and Contents

The Correspondence from Thomas Henry Huxley sub-series consists of:


  1. 15 letters, chronologically arranged (1860-1888)
Dates: 1860-1888

Correspondence: John Strong Newberry to John Perry, 1863-1900

 Sub-Series
Identifier: Coll-74/12/17
Scope and Contents

The Correspondence: John Strong Newberry to John Perry sub-series consists of:


  1. 37 letters, alphabetically arranged (1863-1900)
Dates: 1863-1900

Correspondence of Sir Archibald Geikie: American geologists, 1878-1907

 Sub-Series
Identifier: Coll-74/13/1
Scope and Contents

The Correspondence of Sir Archibald Geikie: American geologists sub-series consists of:


  1. 67 letters and postcards, alphabetically arranged (1878-1907).
Dates: 1878-1907

Correspondence of Sir Archibald Geikie: Japanese geologist, 1870

 Sub-Series
Identifier: Coll-74/14/6
Scope and Contents

The Correspondence of Sir Archibald Geikie: Japanese geologist sub-series includes letters from:


  1. 1 letter, (1870)
Dates: 1870

Correspondence of Sir Archibald Geikie: Letters from Sir William James Lloyd Wharton, 1884-1900

 Sub-Series
Identifier: Coll-74/13/11
Scope and Contents

The Correspondence of Sir Archibald Geikie: Letters from Sir William James Lloyd Wharton sub-series includes letters from:


  1. 18 letters, chronologically arranged (1884-1900)
  2. sample of obsidian
Dates: 1884-1900

Correspondence: Sir Arthur William Rücker to James Smith, 1863-1900

 Sub-Series
Identifier: Coll-74/12/19
Scope and Contents

The Correspondence: Sir Arthur William Rücker to James Smith sub-series consists of:


  1. 34 letters, alphabetically arranged (1863/1900)
Dates: 1863-1900

Correspondence to Sir Archibald Geikie: Duke of Argyll to William Talbot Aveline, 1873-1894

 Sub-Series
Identifier: Coll-74/11/7
Scope and Contents

The Correspondence to Sir Archibald Geikie: Duke of Argyll to William Talbot Aveline sub-series consists of:


  1. 59 letters to the Duke of Argyll (1888-1893) arranged chronologically
  2. 4 telegrams from the Duke of Argyll (1890) arranged chronologically
  3. 4 letters to William Talbot Aveline (1873-1894) arranged chronologically
Dates: 1873-1894

Correspondence to Sir Archibald Geikie: FW Egan to John Evans, 1866-1900

 Sub-Series
Identifier: Coll-74/11/16
Scope and Contents The Correspondence to Sir Archibald Geikie: FW Egan to John Evans sub-series consists of: 2 letters from FW Egan (1897-1900) 5 letters from Sir Philip De Malpas Grey Egerton (1871-1875) 4 letters from the Earl of Enniskillen (1884-1896) 9 letters from Robert Etheridge snr. (1869-1879) 2 letters from Robert Etheridge jnr....
Dates: 1866-1900

Lecture on the 'Volcanic History of Britain', 1886

 Item
Identifier: Coll-74/7/2
Scope and Contents

Notes for 4 lectures on the 'Volcanic History of Britain', given to the Royal Institution in 1886. Sir Archibald Geikie looked at the emergence of types of geological formations against a geological timeframe and how they have been affected by various processes, especially the action of volcanoes and materials produced by them, within the natural world. He used examples from numerous locations from different parts of the British Isles.

Dates: 1886