Geikie, Archibald, Sir, 28 December 1835 – 10 November 1924 (Professor of Geology, University of Edinburgh)
Biographical History
Sir Archibald Geikie was born at Edinburgh in 1835, the son of John Stuart Geikie, businessman, and composer, and Isabella Thom. He married Alice Gabrielle Pignatel in 1871. His education was at Black's school, then Edinburgh High School and he showed a great aptitude for study and his interest in science was furthered in the direction of geology when he and his friends discovered fossils at Burdiehouse quarries. Geikie was influenced by scientists such as naturalist John Fleming, to whom he was introduced by his father, and by the many books on geolgy which he consumed, most notably Hugh Miller's Old Red Sandstone.
Geikie's professional life began initially in banking, which he did not enjoy and 1851 saw his a newspaper publication of his Three Weeks in Arran by a Young Geologist, which led to an introduction to Hugh Miller. He also became acquainted with publisher Alexander Macmillan, geologist James David Forbes and Andrew Crombie Ramsay. The banking career abandoned, he matriculated at the University of Edinburgh in 1854 but had to leave the following year for financial reasons. A recommendation by both Miller and Ramsay to Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, newly appointed head of the Geological Survey, secured Geikie a position there as mapping assistant. The following years saw him make the acquaintance of distinguished scientists such as Leonard Horner and Sir Charles Lyell.
His official work was supplemented by research during his holiday time, travelling throughout the British Isles and Europe. 1867 saw him appointed director of the newly created branch, the Scottish Geological Survey. When Murchison founded the chair of geology in 1870 at the University of Edinburgh, Geikie was his choice as professor and he was appointed the following year.
Geikie's field and research work took him all over the British Isles and to many parts of Europe. He successfully combined his duties to both posts as well as devoting time to private research and writing. As well as his scientific writings, Geikie wrote several well-known biographical and historical books including Memoirs of Sir Roderick Impey Murchison (1875), Andrew Crombie Ramsay (1895), Edward Forbes (1861), and Founders of Geology (1897). 1924 saw the publication of his own autobiography.
He went on to succeed Sir Andrew Crombie Ramsay as head of the Geological Survey of Great Britain in 1881, which he held until his retiral in 1901. This saw him relocate to London and take a more active role in many scientific societies. Those relating to the Royal Society, he took particular interest in after his retiral, serving as secretary and president.
Noteable Publications
Chronology:
- 1865
- Scenery of Scotland
- Account of the Progress of the Geological Survey in Scotland
- 1873
- Physical Geography
- Colliers of Carrick
- 1875
- Life of Sir Roderick I Murchison, Bart.
- 1877
- Outlines of Field Geology
- Elementary Lessons in Field Geology
- 1882
- Text-book of Geology
- Geological Sketches at Home and Abroad
- 1886
- Classbook of Geology; Illustrated with Woodcuts
- Geology
- 1895
- Memoir of Sir Andrew Crombie Ramsay
- 1897
- Founders of Geology
- Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain
- 1906
- History of the Geography of Scotland; with Maps and Illustrations
- 1907
- French Impression of Scotland and the Scots in the Year 1784
- 1909
- Charles Darwin as Geologist
- 1916
- Birds of Shakespeare
- 1917
- Annals of the Royal Society Club: the Record of a London Dining-Club in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Honours, Qualifications and Appointments
Chronology:
- 1861
- Elected Fellow, Royal Society of Edinburgh
- 1865
- Elected Fellow, Royal Society of London
- 1867
- Appointed Director, Scottish Geological Survey
- 1870
- Appointed First Professor of Geology, the University of Edinburgh
- 1881
- Appointed Head, Geological Survey
- Awarded Murchison Medal
- 1890
- Appointed President, Geological Society
- Knighthood
- 1895
- Awarded Woolaston Meda
- 1896
- Awarded Royal Medal, Royal Society of London
- 1907
- Appointed Knight Commander, Order of the Bath
- 1910
- Appointed President, the Classical Association
Sources
Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Volume II , ( New York, Scribner's, 1981)
Found in 34 Collections and/or Records:
Letter to Robert Boog-Watson from Sir Archibald Geikie, 22 October 1862
Letter to Robert Boog-Watson from Sir Archibald Geikie. Geikie discusses Boog-Watson's geological mapping of the south end of Arran and compares it with his own mapping of the Isle of Bute, the Cumbrae Islands, Renfrewshire and Ayrshire. He discusses Scotland's old red sandstone unconformity. He extends an invitation to join him in mapping Tinto Hill as soon as his expected working visit from Lennox is over.
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from Capt Clarence Edward Dutton, 01 April 1880
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from Edward William Binney, 14 April 1879
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from Edward William Binney telling Geikie that the forthcoming geological map and cross section of the Edinburgh and Linlithgow coal field will be a useful addition to the geological literature.
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from George James Allman, 28 December 1861
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from George James Allman asking permission to make a copy, for his classroom, of a large unpublished map which Geikie has sent him. He discusses the contents of the map. He asks for clarification concerning the differences in rock types indicated between this map and a previous sketch map which is in his possession.
Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from H Arnold Bemrose, 10 September 1897
Map of Montana and Wyoming Territories, c1879
Map of Montana and Wyoming Territories, embracing most of the country drained by the Madison, Gallatin and Upper Yellowstone rivers. Geology by FV Hayden, assisted by AC Peale. Drawn by Henry Gannett from notes and sketches by Adolph Bruck, chief topographer of the Yellowstone Division of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories.
Map of Snake River, c1879
Map of the Snake River, with its tributaries together with portions of the headwaters of Madison and Yellowstone, surveyed by the Snake River Expedition (Gustavus R Bechler, chief topographer and James Stevenson, director) of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories.
Map of the Green River, 1873
Map of the Green River from the Union Pacific Railroad to the mouth of the White River.
Map of the Lower Geyser Basin on the Madison River, c1879
Map of the Lower Geyser Basin on the Madison River after a reconnaissance by Gustavus R Bechler, chief topographer of the Snake River Division of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories.
Map of the Shoshone Geysers, c1879
Map of the Shoshone Geysers on the south-western terminus of Shoshone Lake by Gustavus R Bechler, chief topographer of the Snake River Division of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories.