This is a manuscript on Chinese botany entitled "Synonymie d'histoire naturelle Chinoise", produced by Joseph-Marie Callery in the 1840s and never published. In this manuscript Callery discusses numerous genera, species and varieties of native plants found in Macau and Canton, many of which were unknown in Europe at the time. After giving their Latin and Chinese names, he describes their physical characteristics, habitat, their industrial, medicinal and culinary uses, details his own experimtents, and considers the possibility of cultivating them in France.

The plants covered are as follows: Aleurites triloba; Trapa bicomis; Azaleas (both garden and wild varieties); Lonicera japonica; Illicium anisatum (referring to the export of aniseed and essence de Badiane to France); Hedysarum; Globularia; Euphoria litchi (i.e. lychee); Alpinia montana; Adiantum; Aerides odorata; Coconut; Musa paradisiaca (i.e. bananas; he refers to varieties found in the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines and North Africa); Nepeta; Chloranthus inconspicuus; Amaranthus polygamus; Aglaia odoratissima; and Eryobotria japonica.

Callery clearly intended to publish this manuscript: a pencil note to the upper cover directs it to the attention of M. Didot (of the famous publishing family, which published several of Callery's works), continuing "mon intention serait d'entrer, s'il était possible, en arrangement pour la publication de cet ouvrage" ("my intention would be to start, if possible, an arrangement for the publication of this work").