Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from Edward William Binney reporting on permian rocks which he has seen. He says that there are displays of plutonic action. He says that the green earths and red oxides observed are the result of volcanic action in water. He continues with some detailed observations of rock formations found in Ayrshire and a report of fossil trees found at Laggan Bay on the Isle of Arran.

Letter to Sir Archibald Geikie from Edward William Binney agreeing with Geikie that hematite is of volcanic origin. He debates the date of the start of the upper carboniferous period and the end of the permian period and gives some evidence for his thoughts on this.