Notes on the Beàrnaraigh/Berneray [Barra Head] lighthouse describing its situation and the strength of the seas around it, including how sheep sometimes put out to graze on Sgeir Chriosnain 'A green square island which lies in the sound between Ber[neray] and Miulay [Miùghlaigh/Mingulay] and which stands about 100 ft high...have been known to have been swept clean off by one wave' and how on Berneray 'large squ[are] stones...[some] weigh 80 tons...were knocked about on the rocky ledges as if they were chips of ood. One - the largest was tossed up he ledge 12 or 14 feet.' In addition, Carmichael notes 'Another large stone of 3 tons lay at the bottom of a per[pendicular] rock 60 ft high. The sea pitched it up over this rock and some distance inland.' Also noted are instances where vessels at 20-30 fathoms, in heavy seas west of Barra Head have 'been known to have their whole deck covered with beat[iful] pure white sand' and a steamer in a storm in the Pentland Firth at 75 fathoms had a wave break over the bow 'sweep the deck and smash the bul[wark] before it and...leaving there stones of consi[derable] size behind it'.