The Aeneid is the third of Virgil's major works, and generally regarded as his masterpiece, and a cornerstone of Latin literature. The epic poem tells the story of the journey of Aeneas, from Troy to Italy, where he ultimately founded Rome. Virgil's work took the existing, fragmentary character of Aeneas and fashioned a compelling foundation myth for the Romans, tying them to the mythical city of Troy.

The 'Aeneid' contains twelve books, which can be dividied into two halves (Books 1-6 and Books 7-12). In MS 195, Book I begins on f. 65r, with Arma virum que... Book II begins on f. 81r, Book III on f. 97r, Book IV on f. 111v, Book V on f. 126r, and Book VI on f. 144r. The second half, starting with Book VII, begins on f. 162v, Book VIII on f. 179r, Book IX on f. 194r, Book X on f. 211r, Book XI on f. 229v, and Book XII begins on f. 248r. The text ends on f. 267r, with the words Vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras.

The frontispiece to Virgil's 'Aeneid' is on f. 65r, and it is this miniature that contains the Royal Arms of Scotland, and the initials 'P. L.' with lover's knot that has been described in the 'MS 195' entry.