Notebook No.188, January 1854

This black notebook contains a record of Charles Lyell’s geological travels around Madeira with Georg Hartung, in the company of Mary Lyell, and Charles and Frances Bunbury. This notebook starts January 1854 in Madeira. Specific areas of note include Funchal, Arndas, Piedade, Cape Girão, Pico St Martinho, Pico da Cruz, Pico dos Bodes, Curral, Pico Da Barraca, Santo António, Jardim da Serra, and São Vicente. This notebook primarily focuses on the geological features and formations Lyell saw across Madeira and includes a vast number of drawings and sketches of these geological features, primarily concerning crystals, trachyte, lava ejections, scoriform lava, dikes, columnar, and breccia. A drawing of note page 77 shows a scientific approach to sketches of geological features. Another geological feature Lyell takes interest in is called Achada do Furtado or ‘Rat Ravine’ (p.88) referring to a flat ledge or ridge. He also takes note of a geological feature called 'Knife edge ridge' and its standing in the geological landscape. Geological theories covered in this notebook include upheaval domes and erosion patterns when looking at the formation of Madeira. There is also heavy focus in the middle of this notebook on a waterfall in Curral and its effect on erosion.Lyell mentions plants and shells, such as Sempervivum (genus Aeonium).

Notebook 188: p.1 January 1854 Madeira list of items
p.2 Funchal and [Arundas?]
p.4 Dome of upheaval, Piedade, Hartung
p.6 Black Cinders depth 18. Layers of lava, Socorridos bridge, geology
p.7 Drawing – geology, stratigraphy
p.8 Drawing – dikes
p.10 Drawing - Socorridos Valley, geology
p.11 Drawing - opposite slope called Quebradas
p.12 Socorridos, Hartung
p.14 Drawing – geology
p.16 Cape Girão, Socorridos, heights and locations
p.18 Drawing – peaks: Pico Bodes, [Pinieus & Cardo?], Pico St Martino, Pico da Cruz. Geology, Hartung
p.20 Sidraõ [sic Cidrão], Lanço
p.21 Drawing – geology and heights
p.22 Funchal
p.24 geology, heights, Pico Bodes
p.26 Pico Bodes, Pico da Barraca, Curral
p.28 Drawing – Section below S. Antonio stratigraphy
p.29 Pico St S. Antonio
p.30 Volcanic ashes, Jardim
p.32 Spheroidal lava. Jardin, grey stone quarry, crystals, Delesse
p.34 Geology, Trachyte, crystals
p.35 narrow ridge, valley
p.36 Knife edge ridge, Pico Bodes, rocks, geology, Hartung
p.37 knife edge ridge between Pico do Arieiro and Pico Ruivo
11th January 1854
p.38 lava ejections, Santa Cruz, Cape Girão, Pico Bodes. Paul da Serra seen from Santa Cruz, depth, platform
p.39 Dikes, Cape Girão, like the dikes in Piedade, geology
p.40 temperature of top of Santa Cruz 53f at 3pm, formations of eruptions
p.42 Drawing – basalt, mineral analysis, different specimens referred to. Could not said Trachyte have cooled on slopes
p.43 Arco de São Jorge – formed by a landslip in 1689.
January 12th
p.44 Jardim de Serra: geology, formation, grey basalt. Denudation
p.46 Drawings - Waterfall, Curral, the Torreão, São Roque and S. Luzia. Geology, dikes
p.47 Hartung thinks the ‘waterfall’ ought to have cut back and formed but the central stream erodes
p.48 Geology, basalt, aqueous erosion. 13 January, Jardim stream, lava, Hartung
p.50 Drawing – Basalt, scoriform lava, location, minor peaks, Socorridos
p.52 outline of column basalt not a dike
p.53 Drawing – Dike A
p.54 Drawing – ejected matter, ridge, narrow ridge, dike
p.56 dikes
p.57 Hartung thinks
p.58 explosion like Cape Girão, dike, basalt, conglomerate or breccia
p.59 summit of Pico Grande, dikes, craters, breccia
p.60 Dikes, on the side towards the cuneal of Pico Grande dike 9 feet thick of basalt
p.61 Structure of upper or highest point of Madeira
p.62 Jardin, Hartung, mathematical workings
p.64 Drawing
p.66 Drawings – on the Torrinhas, fort of Pico do Serrado
p.67 Drawing
p.68 Drawing - Dike, breccia, basalt
p.70 Drawing – Pico Grande
p.71 Serra d’Agua, breccia, tuff, heights, basalt
p.72 Drawing – Hartung on tuff
p.73 Drawing, Pico Grande, basalt, Serra d’Agua, Pico da Cruz, volcano
p.74 Drawing – Pico Grande, dikes, basalt
p.76 13 January 1854, cliffs, dikes, river Do Sallo, breccia
p.77 Drawings
p.78 Santo Vicente, coral, breccia, heights
p.80 Drawings – Dikes, pebble, breccia
p.82 pebble rock, small rounded pebbles, breccia, basalt, stratigraphy
p.84 Drawing – lava, solid basalt, dikes
p.85 saw some vertical [?] lava
p.86 Sketch - Tuff at Porto Santo, coral, breccia, limestone, Curral
p.88 another locality of limestone, solid rock, like red sandstone, Achada do Furtado a general name for the “Rat” ravine
p.89 heights, levels
p.90 money workings
p.91 Breccia with pebble, volcanic rock in the S. Vicente limestone and tuff from volcanic action
p.92 Height of S. Vicente, Hartung coral limestone
p.93 Heights
p.94 Drawings – S. Vicente, valley, ridge, dikes
p.96 Erosion Funchal, Baxio solid, lava substance, alluvium, similarities across island
p.98 Drawing – Valley of S.V, peculiar features, Hartung on compact basalt
p.100 Drawing - S. Vicente Port, volcanic breccia
p.101 qy a talus?
p.102 Drawings – great mass of lava, valley, circular ay, lower mass, erosion differences
p.106 Drawing – Ribª de S. Vicente [Ribeira de São Vicente], tuff, vertical joints, basalt
p.108 14 January – S. Vicente, cliff, columns, current - Fajã da Areia, cliffs, columnar, breccia – Fajã da Areia beds of tuff and agglomeration, scoriaceous lava
p.110 Drawings – blue basalt, stratigraphy, sempervivum, dike, irregular masses, heights
p.112 Drawings – Cascade, 70 ft, volcanic agglomeration, basalt
p.113 Between S. Vicente and P. Delgada, angular volcanic breccia
p.114 Drawings – Pico Grande, breccia, coarse materials
p.115 Drawings - Cantaria
p.116 Geology, dikes, like Socorridos, w. of P. Del Gorda [sic Ponta Gorda] Oct [18]55
p.118 Eruption, height, cliffs